Keystone+Biology

Big Ideas and Eligible Content Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. Life emerges due to the chemical organization of matter into cells. Explain how enzymes regulate biochemical reactions within a cell.
 * Biochemistry and the Molecules of Life **
 * Anchor Assessment 2: Questions #5-11 **
 * Essential Question: How does life result from chemical structures and functions? **
 * Water: hydrogen bonds, cohesion, is a solvent, forms ions (pH) allowing a wide range of biochemical reactions.
 * Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biochemical organization (i.e., atoms, molecules, and macromolecules).
 * Carbon rings and chains form the backbone of all biological molecules. Monomers form Polymers (Sugars combine to form starches)
 * Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.
 * Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical reaction.
 * Explain how factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration levels can affect enzyme function.

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 * Prion the //ZOMBIE // protein **

Big Ideas and Eligible Content Organisms share common characteristics of life. Eukaryotic cells can differentiate and organize making it possible for multicellularity. Cells occur in two basic forms: Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea without a nucleus) and Eukaryotes (nucleus and various organelles). Coordination between cells, tissues, organs, and systems allows for complex multicellular organisms (like humans)
 * Cellular Basics **
 * Assessment Anchor 1: Questions #1-4 **
 * Essential Question: How do we know if something is alive? **
 * Made up of cells.
 * Energy through photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
 * Maintain homeostasis.
 * Can reproduce using DNA.
 * Capable of Darwinian evolution
 * Cells have organized membranes and organelles to organize and carryout chemical reactions.
 * Structure is related to function at all biological levels of organization.

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content Cells have organized structures and systems necessary to support chemical reactions needed to maintain the living condition. Through a variety of mechanisms organisms maintain a biological balance between their internal and external environments.
 * Homeostasis and Transport **
 * Anchor Assessment 4:Questions #16-20 **
 * Essential Question: How do living systems maintain balance between internal and external environment? Why is this balance important? **
 * <span class="font_8">Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell.
 * Osmosis, diffusion, active transport, passive transport, pumps, endocytosis and exocytosis.
 * Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, <span class="font_8">Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within a cell.
 * Body temperature, osmolarity, blood pressure, pH, blood glucose, etc. are balanced by responding to environmental changes.

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content New cells arise from the division of pre-existing cells. Compare the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions. Unregulated cell division results in cancer
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Cell Growth and Reproduction **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Anchor Assessment 5: Questions #21-24 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Essential Question: How does life create life? **
 * <span class="font_8">Describe the three stages of the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division, cytokinesis.
 * Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (i.e., <span class="font_8">mitosis or meiosis), cytokinesis.

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content <span class="font_8"> Organisms obtain, transform, and use energy to carry out their life processes. <span class="font_8">Cells have organized structures and systems necessary to support the chemical reactions for transforming energy.
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Bioenergetics **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Anchor Assessment 3: Questions #12-15 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Essential Question: How do different organisms obtain and use energy to survive in their environment? **
 * <span class="font_8">Compare and describe the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
 * <span class="font_8">ATP is the common provider of cellular energy.
 * <span class="font_8">Photosynthesis transforms light energy into potential chemical energy (glucose)
 * <span class="font_8">Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to store energy in the bonds of ATP.
 * <span class="font_8">Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations.
 * <span class="font_8">Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions.

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 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Plant Cells and Photosynthesis **

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content DNA segments contain information for the production of proteins necessary for growth and function of cells. <span class="font_8">Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms. Apply scientific thinking, processes,tools, and technologies in the study of genetics.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">DNA Processes (Replication, Transcription, and Translation) **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Anchor Assessment 7: Questions # 30-33 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Essential Question: Why is DNA called the code of life? What is it a code for? **
 * The basic molecular and genetic code structure of DNA are universal, revolutionizing our understanding of disease, heredity and evolution.
 * Explain the process of protein synthesis (i.e., transcription, translation, and protein modification).
 * Describe the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus in the production of specific types of proteins.
 * Describe how genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence and may or may not affect phenotype (e.g., silent, nonsense, frame- shift).
 * Explain how genetic engineering has impacted the fields of medicine, forensics, <span class="font_8">and agriculture (e.g., selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy).

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content Hereditary information in genes is inherited and expressed. <span class="font_8">Compare Mendelian and non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. media type="youtube" key="bVk0twJYL6Y" height="315" width="560"
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Mendelian & Human Genetics **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Anchor Assessment 6: Questions #25-29 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Essential Question: How are traits passed from one generation to the next? **
 * <span class="font_8">Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/ or conservation of genetic information.
 * Explain the functional relationships between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and their roles in inheritance.
 * Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e., dominant, recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles).
 * Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion).

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content Evolution explains the changes in the diversity of life on earth over time as a consequence of genetic variation and natural selection. Evidence of evolution includes fossil, anatomical, physiological, embryological, biochemical, and universal genetic code
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Evolution **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Anchor Assessment 8: Questions #34-39 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Essential Question: How does the evidence and mechanisms of biological evolution explain the diversity and unity of life? **
 * Evolution occurs when selective pressure (competition for resources, etc.) favors one set of alleles (traits) over another as conferring a greater chance for survival and reproductive success. This results in a change in allele frequencies. Example: white fur confers a survival advantage over brown fur in the arctic.
 * Describe the factors that can contribute to the development of new species (e.g., isolating mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration).
 * Explain how genetic mutations may result in genotypic and phenotypic variations within a population.

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Big Ideas and Eligible Content Organisms on Earth interact and depend in a variety of ways on other living and nonliving things in their environments. Organisms obtain and transform energy through complex interactions of a food web. Autotrophs photosynthesize. Heterotrophs consume. Decomposers recycle. Describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e., organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere).
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ecology **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Anchor Assessment 9: Questions #40-47 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Essential Question: How does an organisms survival depend on both the living and non-living aspects of its environment? **
 * <span class="font_8">Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
 * Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle).
 * <span class="font_8">Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food chains, food webs, energy pyramids).
 * Describe biotic interactions in an ecosystem (e.g., competition, predation, symbiosis).
 * As matter and energy flow through food chains, matter is conserved and energy is lost as heat.
 * <span class="font_8">Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human disturbances (e.g., climate changes, introduction of nonnative species, pollution, fires).
 * <span class="font_8">Describe the effects of limiting factors on population dynamics and potential species extinction.

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